The forewings are dark brown. At the margin there is a small auburn band. At the wing leading edge there are some little white spots. In the middle of wing there is a broad white band. Nearby the body there are some auburn spots.
The underside is orange and brown. All white spots and bands from upside are also there. At the margin there are some grey areas with black spots. Nearby the body there is a whitish area.

The hind wings are dark brown and have no tails. The margin is ridged. At the margin there are two chains of black spots and one small auburn band. In the middle of wing there is a broad white band.
The underside is whitish and green. In the middle of wing there is a broad white band. At the margin there are two chains of black spots and one small brown band.

The body is black, but the underside is whitish.

Sex differences: None

---

The first description of this butterfly was in 1777 by Cramer. There are many subspecies.

• Limenitis procris aemonia   [Weymer]
• Limenitis procris agnata   [Fruhstorfer]
• Limenitis procris anarta   [Moore]
• Limenitis procris arnoldi   [Fruhstorfer]
• Limenitis procris batuna   [Fruhstorfer]
• Limenitis procris calidasa   [Moore]
• Limenitis procris florensis   [Fruhstorfer]
• Limenitis procris laubenheimeri   [Hagen]
• Limenitis procris milonia   [Fruhstorfer, 1906]
• Limenitis procris minoe   [Fruhstorfer]
• Limenitis procris neutra   [Fruhstorfer]
• Limenitis procris sumbawana   [Fruhstorfer]
• Limenitis procris sumbana   [Fruhstorfer]
• Limenitis procris tioma   [Eliot, 1978]
• Limenitis procris undifragus   [Fruhstofer]

The caterpillar is black with thorny wards. The pupa is brown and unimposing and very similar to drouthy leaves. The Commander defend its stomping ground against other butterflies.

• CITES: (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora):
  
  -no entry- (as at 23.06.2005)
  
  
• EU regulation on trading with species of wild Fauna and Flora
  
  -no entry- (as at 19.08.2005)
  
  
• IUCN Red List of threatened species:
  
  -no entry- (as at 2004)  (see: www.redlist.org/)
  
  
  

---

Limenitis procris Cramer 1777

 Commander
 Feldherr

• Kingdom:    ANIMALIA
• Phylum:    ARTHROPODA
• Class:    INSECTA
• Order:    LEPIDOPTERA
• Suborder:    DITRYSIA
• Superfamily:    PAPILIONOIDEA
• Family:    NYMPHALIDAE
• Subfamilie:    LIMENITIDINAE
• Tribe:    LIMENITIDINI
• Genus:    LIMENITIS
• Specific name:    PROCRIS

To the family tree (Genus: LIMENITIS)...  

AUSTRALASIA / INDOMALAYA (Australia)

To the top

Back to family Nymphalidae from AUSTRALASIA / INDOMALAYA (AUSTRALIA)